Abstract: . . .  Administrative Science Quarterly 43: 602-636. Zeitz, G., R. Johannesson, and J. E. Ritchie. 1997. An employee survey measuring total quality management practices and culture: Development and validation. Group and Organization Management 22, no. 4: 414-444. Zhang, Z. 2000. Developing a model of quality management methods and evaluation their effects on business performance. Total Quality Management 11, no. 1: 129-137. BIOGRAPHIES Jaakko Kujala works as a senior researcher and lecturer at the Helsinki University of Technology. He has an extensive industrial background in Metso Corporation, where his main work focused on quality management and the development of business processes. His research interest includes quality of management in project-oriented . . .
. . .  Jaakko.kujala@hut.fi . Paul Lillrank is professor of quality management at Helsinki University of Technology. He has earlier held positions at Science University of Tokyo and the European Institute of Japanese Studies at Stockholm School of Economics, and worked with the Boston Consulting Group in Tokyo and Stockholm. He is engaged in research on the quality of informa- tion and quality management in professional organizations. He has also published in the areas of Japanese management , the software industry, and technology transfer. www.asq.org 55 Kujala 9/22/04 1:38 PM Page 55  . . .
. . .  Technology. He has earlier held positions at Science University of Tokyo and the European Institute of Japanese Studies at Stockholm School of Economics, and worked with the Boston Consulting Group in Tokyo and Stockholm. He is engaged in research on the quality of informa- tion and quality management in professional organizations. He has also published in the areas of Japanese management , the software industry, and technology transfer. www.asq.org 55 Kujala 9/22/04 1:38 PM Page 55  . . .
. . .  readiness for change. Public Productivity and Management Review 18, no. 4: 369-385. NIST. 1999. Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award: Criteria for Performance Excellence. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Commerce. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Baldrige National Quality Program. Kujala 9/22/04 1:38 PM Page 54 Page 13 Total Quality Management as a Cultural Phenomenon Ovretvait, J., and A. Aslaksen. 1999. The quality journeys of six Norwegian hospitals: An action evaluation. The Norwegian Medical Association. Powell, T. 1995. Total quality management as competitive advan- tage: A review and empirical study. Strategic Management Journal 16: 15-37. Pyzdek, T. 1999. Quality profession must learn to heed its own advice: What . . .
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